![]() ![]() The record number of deaths caused by the single tornado in Joplin, MO, was far higher than the average number of yearly tornado deaths caused in the United States during the both time periods (i.e., 11). Average annual tornado deaths in the country were 55 for the period 2000-2010, but if the 554 deaths caused by 2011 tornadoes are added, the figure increases to 63.5. In contrast to the horrific new record, 45 tornado fatalities were recorded in the United States during all of 2010, and just 21 stemmed from the 2009 calendar year. The Joplin event stands as the deadliest single tornado to hit the United States since modern record-keeping began in 1950, surpassing the 8 June 1953 tornado that claimed 116 lives in Flint, MI (Mustain 2011). This EF5 tornado, which at its zenith was three-quarters of a mile wide, levelled much of the city’s south side, and completely flattened some neighbourhoods, with leaves stripped from trees, the landscape took on an apocalyptic aura. "A massive tornado that tore a 6-mile path across southwestern Missouri killed 162 people as it raged through the heart of Joplin on the evening of. This method provides photos and easy-to-understand data that planners can use to meet multiple reporting requirements, to reassess redevelopment strategies, and to report progress to stakeholders. Takeaway for practice: We created a simple and cost-effective method of assessing initial damage to homes after a disaster and of measuring the extent of rebuilding. We conclude that our method improves on windshield surveys and other suggested methods of collecting damage and rebuilding data it can provide efficient assessments of damage and rebuilding in technological disasters. We compare our damage assessments to county property tax reappraisals after the disaster, finding that our approach is more accurate, generally identifying less damage and greater rebuilding than the county assumed. We test the utility of our approach in West (TX), the site of a catastrophic fertilizer facility explosion in 2013. We developed a scalable method in which we photograph and assess the extent of home damage and rebuilding by reorienting existing damage assessment methods to provide data that can be linked to GIS and other local data to meet planning needs. There is no accepted cost-effective and systematic method of providing those data. Planners, however, need appropriate and timely data on initial damage and rebuilding over time to apply for available funding, determine needs for temporary housing, address equity issues, develop appropriate policy interventions, track progress, and communicate transparently with all stakeholders. communities rarely plan for recovery after a disaster, but planners have the skills to help communities redevelop, particularly in rebuilding housing, a key to community recovery. Problem, research strategy, and findings: U.S. Keywords: May 2011 tornado, Joplin, Missouri, tornado safety measures, recovery and reconstruction. The paper concludes with a recommendation for expanding tornado safety education among the respondents. Further, it was found that three variables considered here- rebuild or repair, damage zone category, and perceived tornado risk-were all significant contributors to a homeowner’s decision to implement recommended tornado safety measures. Results showed that 43 percent of all respondents implemented at least one recommended tornado measure in rebuild or repair their destroyed/damaged homes. ![]() ![]() Face-to-face interviews, as well as other methods, were used to survey respondents who were living within the tornado path (damage zones) at the time of the tornado. The main objective of this paper is to explore the tornado survivors’ compliance with the safety features recommended by the Joplin city authorities. In doing so, city officials introduced two new safety measures and recommended several others. Immediately following the May 2011 tornado, the city of Joplin, Missouri, initiated recovery efforts to rebuild the part of the community devastated by this event. ![]()
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